Public vs Private Health Insurance Germany

Understanding German Healthcare (Krankenversicherung)

Germany operates a dual healthcare system. Approximately 90% of the population is enrolled in the statutory public health insurance system (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung - GKV), while the remaining 10% opt for private health insurance (Private Krankenversicherung - PKV).

Public Health Insurance (GKV)

Public insurance is built on the solidarity principle: you pay based on what you earn, not based on your health risk.

• Cost: Exactly 14.6% of your gross salary + a small provider supplement.
• Cap: Premiums are capped. Even if you earn €100,000, you only pay premiums up to the BBG limit (€5,512.50/month in 2026).
• Family: Non-working spouses and children are fully covered for free.
• Pre-existing conditions: Covered immediately with no questions asked.
• Payment: The doctor bills the insurance directly via your health card. You never see a bill.

Private Health Insurance (PKV)

Private insurance operates like standard global insurance. You pay based on your individual risk profile.

• Eligibility: You must meet the public vs private health insurance germany salary threshold (JAEG), which is €73,800/year in 2026, or be a freelancer. Check if you meet this threshold using our Salary Calculator.
• Cost: Based on age, health at the time of signing, and the chosen deductible. It can be significantly cheaper for young, healthy singles.
• Benefits: Often includes superior coverage like single hospital rooms, priority appointments, and head physician treatment.
• Family: You must pay a separate monthly premium for every child and non-working spouse.
• Payment: You usually pay the doctor upfront and submit the invoice to the insurance for reimbursement.